Industrial Oil Hoses - Types, Properties, and Applications | VELON Academy

Hello everyone, welcome to the VELON Academy. Petroleum is known as the blood of human industry, not only as an important fuel and power resource but also as some important chemical raw materials. From petroleum extraction, refining, transportation to industrial use, hoses are indispensable. However, the performance requirements of hoses vary with the needs at different logistics stages, making the correct choice of oil hose routes crucial. In this lesson, we will share product knowledge about industrial oil hoses, focusing on three aspects: basic attributes, common classifications, and application scenarios.

First, let's understand what industrial oil hoses are.

Before diving into the product, let's share what oil is. There are many types of oil, such as edible oil, fuel oil, and lubricating oil. The oil discussed in this lesson refers to petroleum-based products, while edible oil belongs to the food hose to solve problems. Even within petroleum-based products, there are significant differences between fuel oil and lubricating oil. Common fuels include gasoline, diesel, and kerosene, which are mainly composed of hydrocarbons, accounting for more than 90%. These hydrocarbons are mainly composed of hydrocarbon compounds, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of hydrocarbons with aromatic structures, mainly including benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. The reason for discussing these elements is that these components have varying degrees of corrosiveness to rubber products. Among them, aromatic hydrocarbon compounds have a greater corrosive effect on rubber. After long-term contact with aromatic hydrocarbons, rubber loses its original elasticity and may become swollen and cracked. Lubricating oils, such as hydraulic oils, mainly consist of base oils and various additives, such as rust inhibitors, antioxidants, cycloalkane oils, dimethyl silicone oil, antioxidants, and metal deactivators. The base oil of hydraulic oil is usually obtained from petroleum processing, but its aromatic hydrocarbon content is much lower than that of fuel oil.

Industrial oil hoses belong to the category of industrial hoses and therefore have the typical characteristics of industrial hoses, with a standard three-layer structure: the inner layer, reinforcement layer, and outer layer. The most critical part is the inner layer because it directly contacts the medium.

Suction and Discharge Oil Hose

Based on the different inner layer materials, we classify oil hoses into: NBR nitrile rubber oil hoses, CR neoprene rubber oil hoses, and FKM fluororubber oil hoses.

NBR Nitrile Rubber Oil Hoses: Universal oil hoses, currently the most commonly used oil hoses. This is because they have excellent oil corrosion resistance and can be used to transport gasoline, diesel, kerosene, petroleum-based hydraulic oils, etc. However, their ozone resistance is weak, and the inner layer of hoses is usually made of NBR material.

CR Neoprene Rubber Oil Hoses: The oil resistance is second only to NBR rubber, with good flame retardancy and weather resistance, generally used for transporting petroleum-based hydraulic oils, lubricating oils, etc. It is not suitable for transporting diesel, kerosene, and other oil substances with high aromatic hydrocarbon content, but as an outer layer material for fuel hoses, it can play an anti-aging role.

FKM Fluororubber Oil Hoses: They have excellent oil resistance, high-temperature resistance, and aging resistance, but the material is expensive, and the low-temperature resistance is average. The processing technology for making hoses is poor, and the market application of FKM material rubber industrial hoses is relatively small. According to the different structural designs of hoses, they can be divided into: oil conveying hoses and suction and discharge oil hoses. Oil conveying hoses: fiber braided or wound structure, as there is no spiral steel wire support, they can only be used in positive pressure conveying occasions. These products are usually used in return oil occasions.

Suction and Discharge Oil Hoses: Usually reinforced with canvas and supported by spiral steel wires, they can adapt to both positive pressure conveying and negative pressure suction occasions.

Ordinary industrial oil hoses are relatively simple. This point focuses on introducing a special industrial oil hose, aircraft refueling hose. Aircraft refueling hoses are mainly used to transport aviation kerosene for refueling aircraft. Compared with ordinary oil hoses, in addition to meeting the corrosion of aromatic hydrocarbons, the biggest difference is that there are certain requirements for the exudation of the inner rubber of the aircraft refueling hose to ensure the higher purity of the transported oil. Aircraft refueling hose standards include: GB10543, IS01825, etc. This product is usually divided into four types based on structure, namely Type B, Type C, Type E, and Type F. Among them, Type C is the most commonly used model.

Economic Oil Hose

Type C Aircraft Refueling Hose: Fiber braided, without spiral steel wire in the middle, but the maximum negative pressure resistance is 0.5bar, and the outer rubber is conductive static electricity.

Type E Aircraft Refueling Hose: Fiber braided, with high-strength spiral steel wire reinforcement in the middle, can withstand vacuum, suitable for suction and discharge oil occasions, with conductive copper wire.

Type F Aircraft Refueling Hose: Fiber braided, with high-strength spiral non-metallic wire reinforcement in the middle, the maximum negative pressure resistance is 0.35bar, and the outer rubber is conductive static electricity. It belongs to the category of anti-vehicle pressure hoses, and the hose body can automatically recover after being flattened by pressure.

Type B Aircraft Refueling Hose: The structure is consistent with Type C refueling hose, but a conductive copper wire is added in the reinforcement layer.

Aircraft Refuel Hose

Next, we introduce several key indicators for measuring oil hoses.

1. Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resistance Level

As mentioned earlier, the components of different types of fuel differ. However, their common component is aromatic hydrocarbons. The stronger the material's resistance to aromatic hydrocarbons, the better the performance of the hose. Usually, NBR material hoses can transport fuels with an aromatic hydrocarbon content of up to 50%.

2. Flame Retardancy and Fire Resistance

Since most of the media conveyed by oil hoses are fuel oils, in many working conditions, hoses are required to have flame retardancy. The flame retardancy level is mainly used to assess the ability of rubber and plastic materials to delay or prevent the spread of flames under the action of flames. According to the American UL94 standard, the flame retardancy levels of plastics are ranked from low to high as HB, V-2, V-1, V-0, etc. The specific definitions are as follows:

HB: This is the lowest flame retardancy level, requiring a burning speed of less than 40 millimeters per minute for samples with a thickness of 3 to 13 millimeters; less than 70 millimeters per minute for samples less than 3 millimeters thick.

V-2: The flame extinguishes within 30 seconds on a vertically placed sample, allowing burning particles to drip down.

V-1: The flame extinguishes within 30 seconds on a vertically placed sample, with no burning objects falling off.

V-0: After two 10-second burning tests on the sample, the flame extinguishes within 30 seconds, with no burning objects falling off. Through the above introduction, we know that the V0 flame retardancy level is the highest. Usually, the hoses of fueling machine hoses need to meet the V0 flame retardancy standard.

3. Conductive Static Electricity Ability

We know that many fuels are non-conductive media, and static electricity may be generated during transportation due to friction. If it cannot be dissipated in time, the accumulated static electricity may cause explosions and other safety accidents. The conductive static electricity ability of oil hoses is also divided into three types: M type, Ω type, and Ω/T type. For the differences in these conductive static electricity abilities, we have a special share in the chemical hose product knowledge section, and we will not repeat it here.

Finally, let's share the application scenarios of oil hoses:

1. Unloading of oil tank cars by railway or automobile, transportation of gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other fuel oils, optional models such as VELON DSO.

2. Aircraft refueling hoses, ground refueling of aircraft and aviation fuel refueling, chooseVELON's special aircraft refueling hose AF0 series products.

3. Industrial equipment oil hoses, mainly used for oil supply or return oil hose routes of mechanical equipment, such as VELON DSO.

In summary, oil hose hoses belong to a category of industrial hoses, with the three-layer basic structure of industrial hoses; the material types of industrial rubber oil hoses are relatively single, mainly NBR material, and meet the corrosion requirements of aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum. Aircraft refueling hoses belong to a type of industrial oil hose, considering more the impact of the exudation of substances inside the hose on the purity of aviation fuel, and ordinary industrial oil hoses cannot replace aviation oil hoses; at the same time, we also introduced several important indicators for measuring fuel hoses: finally, some typical application scenarios were listed.

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